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Soviet Craft (1957-1988) Sputnik | Luna | Mars | Venera | Cosmos | Zond | Vega | Phobos
The USSR was the first nation to launch a probe into space - Sputnik 1 - the first to put a living thing in space - Sputnik 2 - the first to reach the moon - Luna 1 - and the first to bring a human into space - Vostok 1 (Sputnik 11). It produced many probes and missions after that in which humans gained an immense knowledge of the Earth and Moon. Their exploration of our immediate surroundings through spacecraft lasted for approximately 17 years. Afterwards, Soviet exploration diminished to the occasional probe, such as Vega and Phobos. 
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